Injected Exosomes: Primarily used for musculoskeletal issues (e.g., osteoarthritis, tendonitis, ligament tears), chronic systemic inflammation, certain neurological support, and deeper applications like hair restoration (injected into the scalp).

Topical Exosomes: Primarily used for surface issues like fine lines, wrinkles, acne scars, hyperpigmentation, and general skin texture and tone improvement. They leverage the exosomes' cargo to stimulate localized cellular turnover and repair.

Initial Results: With topical applications, patients often notice a "glow" and improved hydration within days, with true regenerative results appearing in 4–6 weeks. For injected treatments, functional improvement (like reduced joint pain) typically begins in 4–8 weeks, peaking at 3 to 6 months.

Longevity: Because exosomes initiate a natural regenerative process, the effects are long-lasting, often sustained for 6 to 18 months or more, depending on the treated condition, the individual's overall health, and lifestyle factors. Maintenance treatments may be recommended.

Safety: MSC-derived exosomes are generally considered a low-risk, cell-free therapy. Unlike whole stem cells, they cannot replicate or differentiate, eliminating the risk of tumor formation or immune rejection.

Side Effects:

Injected: Minor, temporary side effects may include localized pain, swelling, redness, or bruising at the injection site, similar to any injection.

Topical: Minor side effects are usually limited to mild, temporary redness or tingling, particularly when combined with micro needling.

Currently, no exosome product is fully approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the general treatment of specific diseases or for broad cosmetic use.

The FDA classifies exosomes derived from human tissue as biological drug products and is actively regulating them. Many clinics offer these treatments under the legal practice of medicine and science based on ongoing research and clinical experience, but patients should be aware that they are not yet fully FDA-approved commercial products.

While a single injected treatment can offer noticeable relief, a series of treatments (typically 2–4 sessions) spaced several weeks apart is often recommended to maximize and sustain the regenerative effects, particularly for chronic conditions or significant aesthetic goals (like severe hair loss or scarring). The exact protocol depends entirely on the specific application and the patient's individual response.